34ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨАлтан хаан01
472ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (1507 - 1582) ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠮᠥ᠋ᠩᠬᠡ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠠᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠰᠪᠣᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠥᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠬᠡᠷᠡ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠨᠳᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ
ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ᠌ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠭᠦᠨᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠢ᠋ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ 1542 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠥᠭᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ᠌ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ 《ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ》 ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ᠌ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1547 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ᠌ ᠣᠷᠣ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ 《ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ》 ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ᠌ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠦ᠌ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠢᠷᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ᠌ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠯᠭᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ᠃
ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠤᠳ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠾᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ᠋ᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠢ᠋ᠶ᠋ᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠪᠤᠳ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠾᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠡᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠩᠬᠣᠷ ᠢ᠋ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠᠳ ᠴᠣᠬᠣᠮ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ 1586 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠠᠪ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ-ᠵᠣᠣ ᠬᠡᠢᠳ ᠢ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ
ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ᠋ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ 1529᠂ 1530᠂ 1542 ᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ᠌ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ 1550 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠢ᠋ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠦ᠍ᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ᠋ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠳᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ᠋ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠩᠭᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠡᠢᠨ ᠦ᠌ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ᠌ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦ᠌ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦ᠌ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠢ᠋ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢ᠋ᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ᠋ᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠣᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ᠋ᠶ᠋ᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣᠷ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ᠃ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1571 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠳᠤᠩ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠨᠠᠢ᠍ᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ᠌ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ᠋ ᠮᠥᠬᠥᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ᠌ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃
1582 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠰᠡᠩᠭᠡ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠶᠣᠨᠳᠣᠩᠵᠠᠮᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃
